a/an/the
- a/an 不定冠词
- 只修饰可数名词单数
- 用于第一次出现的人或物前
- the 定冠词
- 可修饰任何名词
- 用于特指的人或物前
- 用于重新提到的人或物前
- 用于世界上独一无二的事物前
there be结构
- there be 结构用来说明人或物的存在,译成“有…” (have表达的是拥有,和there be不同)
- 结构本身为倒装,主语是be之后的名词或代词
- 句末常有介词短语作状语,说明所在的地点
- there is + 可数名词单数或不可数名词
- there are + 可数名词复数
eg:
There is a dog in the graden.
There is some bread on the table.
There are two students in the classroom.
there be句型的疑问和否定
- 疑问: 把be提到there前面,句末加问号
- 否定: 在be后面加not,缩写n’t
eg:
Is there a pen on the desk?
There isn’t a pen on the desk.
Are there any pictures on the wall?
There aren’t any pictures on the wall. - any / some
- any + 可数名词的复数和不可数名词,用在否定句,疑问句中
- some 用在肯定句中
祈使句
- 祈使句省略主语you,所以以动词原型开头。往往表示请求,命令,建议,叮嘱等。
eg:
Open the door.
Look!
Sit down, please.
Give me your hand. - 否定时在句首加don’t或 do not(语气更强)
eg:
Don’t do that.
Do not do that.(语气更强) - 祈使句若有两个动词常用and连接
eg:
Come and see my new dress.
Go and wash your hands.
Wait and see.