时态

即时间和形态，不同时间所体现出来的形态不一样。英文中时态的不同靠动词来体现。

• 现在进行时态
  • 结构：am/is/are + doing(动词现在分词)
    • I am doing …
    • He/She/It is doing …
    • We/You/They are doing …
    • am/is/are在此为助动词，没有实际意义，帮助动词doing一起作谓语。
    • 表示“是”时为系动词
    • 但不论何种用途，主谓一致的规则不变
  • 动词现在分词构成
    1. 一般动词在词尾加-ing
       • read -> reading
       • cook -> cooking
       • climb -> climbing
    2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing
       • make -> making
       • type -> typing
       • come -> coming
    3. 重读闭音节（音节：元音的个数，一个元音是单音节。重读闭音节：最后三个单词辅音元音辅音的结构，并且重读）结尾的动词，双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ing
       • put -> putting
       • run -> running
       • begin -> beginning
       • sharpen -> sharpening（重音在前面，不在pen上）
  • 用法
    1. 表示现在正在做的事

       eg:
           Mom is cooking in the kitchen.
           Susan is reading a book.
           I am watching TV.
           They are cleaning the office.
           My dog is running after a cat.

    2. 表示现阶段正在做的事

       eg:
           I am studying English.
           Prter is running after Susan.

  • 否定：在am/is/are之后加not，缩写n’t

    eg:
        He isn’t sleeping.
        I am not watching TV.
        They aren’t running.

  • 疑问句：把am/is/are提至主语前面，句末加问号

    eg:
        Are you reading a book?
        What are you dong?
        What is Sally doing?

• be going to do …
  1. 表示“计划”，打算做某事，是将来时态的一种体现形式
  2. be为助动词，随着主语的变化而变化
     • I am going to …
     • He/She/It is gong to …
     • We/They/You are going to …
  3. to后一定要用动词原形
  4. 否定疑问句在be上发生变化

     eg:
         I am going to cook.
         Susan is going to write a letter.
         What are you going to do?
         I am not going to cook tonight.

  5. go,come,leave等词的be going to结构用进行时态来代替。

     eg:
         I’m going. 不说I’m going to go.
         I’m coming. 不说I’m going to come.