时态

即时间和形态，不同时间所体现出来的形态不一样。英文中时态的不同靠动词来体现。

• 一般过去时态
  • 用法
    1. 表示过去某个特定时间点的状态或动作

       eg:
           I bought a dictionary yestday.标志词
           He was a doctor a year ago.标志词

    2. 过去某段时间内的习惯，反复发生的动作。

       eg:
           When he was a child, he ofthe wet the bed.标志词

    3. 当谈到已故的人的时候。

       eg:
           LuXun was a great writer.

  • 结构
    1. 主语+be过去时（was,were）
       • am -> was, is -> was, are -> are
       • I/He/She/It was…
       • We/You/They were…

         eg:
             Jimmy was ill last week.
             I was at the dentist’s yestderay.
             It was cold yesterday.
             We were home yesterday.     I was tired last night.

       • 否定疑问：在be上面发生变化

         eg:
             Was Jimmy ill last week?
             Where were you just now?
             Were you at the dentist’s? Yes I was./No, I wasn’t.

    2. 主语 + 动词过去式（适用于任何人称）
       • 不规则动词的过去式需单独记忆

         eg:
             say -> said
             do -> did
             go -> went
             come -> came

       • 规则动词过去式构成
       1. 一般动词词尾加-ed

          eg:
              call -> called
              answer -> answered
              finish -> finished

       2. 以e结尾的动词只加-d

          eg:
              phone -> phoned
              believe -> believed
              agree -> agreed

       3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed

          eg:
              cry -> cried
              try -> tried
              study -> studied
              enjoy -> enjoyed
              play -> played

       4. 重读闭音节（音节：元音的个数，一个元音是单音节。重读闭音节：最后三个单词辅音元音辅音的结构，并且重读）结尾的动词，双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed

          eg:
              stop -> stopped
              beg -> begged
              fit -> fitted

    3. 动词加-d/-ed后读音
    4. 清辅音结尾读[t]

       eg:
           knocked/helped/asked

    5. 浊辅音和元音结尾读[d]

       eg:
           cleaned/tried/begged

    6. [t]/[d]后读[id]

       eg:
           wanted/minded

    7. 否定：动词前加didn’t，把 动词改回原形

       eg:
           I didn’t work yesterday.
           He didn’t come.
           We didn’t finish the work.

    8. 疑问：主语前加did， 动词改回原形，句末问号

       eg:
           Did he phone you yesterday?
           What did you day?
           What did you do yesterday?